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A spinal cord injury is any injury to the spinal cord or nerves near the end of the spine canal. This can often cause permanent changes in strength, sensation, and other body functions.
It might seem that everything will change if you have recently suffered a spinal injury.
Many scientists believe that research advances will make it possible to repair spinal cord injuries one day. All over the globe, research is ongoing. Nevertheless, many people who have suffered a spinal injury can live productive and independent lives with rehabilitation.
Signs
Two factors affect your ability to control your limbs following a spinal cord injury: the location of the injury and the severity of the injury.
The neurological level of injury refers to the lowest portion of your spinal cord that is still functioning normally after an injury. The degree of injury is sometimes called "the severity" and can be classified as one of the following:
Complete. Your injury is complete if almost all sensations (sensory) or all control of movement (motor function) are lost below the spinal cord injury.
Incomplete. Your injury is considered incomplete if you have motor or sensory function below your affected area. There are many levels of incomplete injuries.
Paralysis due to a spinal injury can also be called:
Tetraplegia. Also called quadriplegia. Your spine injury has affected your trunk, pelvic, and arms.
Paraplegia. This paralysis can affect all or part of your trunk, legs, and pelvic organs.
To determine the extent of your injury and its neurological severity, your health care team will conduct a series of tests.
Any spinal cord injury can cause one or more of these signs and symptoms.
Loss of movement
Perception loss, which includes the inability to feel heat, cold, and touch
Loss of bladder or bowel control
Exaggerated reflex actions or spasms
Sexual function, sexual sensitivity, and fertility changes
Damage to nerve fibers in the spinal cord can cause pain or a stinging sensation.
Tight breathing, difficulty coughing, or difficulties clearing out your lungs of secretions
Signs and symptoms of an emergency
After an accident, there may be signs and symptoms that indicate a spinal cord injury.
Extreme back pain, pressure, or tension in your neck or head?
Paralysis, weakness, or incoordination in any area of your body
Tingling, numbness, or losing sensation in your hands or fingers, feet, or toes
Loss of bladder control or bowel control
Balance and walking difficulties
After an injury, impaired breathing
A strangely positioned neck or back
How to visit a doctor
Anybody who has suffered severe trauma to their neck or head needs immediate medical attention to rule out a spinal injury. Therefore, it is best to assume that trauma victims have suffered a spinal injury.
Serious spinal injuries are not always obvious. It may not be immediately recognized and cause more serious injury.
Paralysis or numbness can occur immediately or gradually due to bleeding or swelling around the spinal cord.
It is important to determine the time between injury and treatment to determine the extent of complications and the recovery rate.
If someone is suffering from a neck or back injury,
Do not move the injured person. Permanent paralysis or other serious complications could result.
Call 911 or your nearest emergency medical assistance number
Keep the person quiet.
To stop them from moving, place heavy towels on each side of the neck.
Basic first aid should be provided, including stopping bleeding and making the person comfortable. This can be done without having to move the head or neck.
Causes
Spinal cord injuries are caused by damage to the spine, spinal column ligaments, and disks.
Traumatic spinal cord injuries may result from a severe blow to the spine. This could cause one or more vertebrae to be fractured, dislocated, crushed, or compressed. You may also get it from a gunshot, knife, or another injury that punctures and cuts your spinal cord.
You may sustain additional damage over several days or weeks due to bleeding, swelling, inflammation, and fluid accumulation around your spinal cord.
Your brain, central nervous system
The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The spinal cord is composed of soft tissue surrounded by bones (vertebrae). It extends downwards from the base of your brain. It contains nerve cells and groups called tracts that go to different parts.
In the CONUS equilibria area, your lower spinal cord ends just above your waist. Below this area is a group of nerve roots known as the cauda-equina.
Your spinal cord contains messages carried between the brain, the rest of your body, and the tracts. Motor tracts transmit signals from the brain that control muscle movement. Sensory tracts relay information from your body to the brain about heat, cold, pressure, pain, and position.
Nerve fiber damage
No matter the cause, damage to nerve fibers can occur regardless of whether it is traumatic or not. It may affect the nerve fibers that pass through the area. This could lead to nerve or muscle weakness below the injury site.
An injury to your chest (thoracic) or lower back (lumbar) can cause damage to your torso, legs, and bladder control. It can also affect sexual function and your ability for you to conceive. A neck (cervical) injury can also affect your arm movements and possibly your ability to breathe.
Common causes for spinal cord injury
The following are the most common causes for spinal cord injuries in the United States:
Motor vehicle accidents. Motorcycle and auto accidents are the most common causes of spinal cord injuries. They account for more than 35% of all new spinal cord injuries every year.
Fall. A fall is the most common cause of spinal cord injury after 65. More than one-quarter of all spinal cord injuries are caused by falls.
Violent acts of violence. According to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, around 15% of spinal cord injuries are caused by violent encounters.
Recreational and sports injuries. About 9 percent of spinal cord injuries are caused by impact sports or diving in shallow waters.
Alcohol. Alcohol use is a factor in approximately 1 out of 4 spinal cord injuries.
Diseases. Spinal cord injuries can also be caused by arthritis, osteoporosis, and cancer.
Physiotherapy Treatment
A spinal cord injury can occur in any way, but it is more common when there are certain risk factors.
Being a man. Spinal injuries can affect a large number of men. Only 20% of the traumatic spinal cord injuries in the United States are caused by females.
Between the ages of 16 and 30, you are most likely to sustain a traumatic spine cord injury.
Being over 65. Falls are the leading cause of injury in seniors.
Engaging with risky behaviors. Swimming in too shallow water or engaging in sports without taking the necessary safety precautions can result in spinal cord injuries. For people younger than 65, motor vehicle accidents are the most common cause of spinal cord injury.
If you have a bone or joint disorder, a minor injury could cause a spinal injury.